The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith

The Wealth of Nations

FREE
1095 pages
Year: 1776
~121h 36m
★★★★★

classics
nonfiction
philosophy
economics
politics

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Adam Smith lays the foundation of classical economics.

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The Wealth of Nations is economist Adam Smith's magnum opus and the foundational text of what today we call classical economics. Its publication ushered in a new era of thinking and discussion about how economies function, a sea change away from the older, increasingly-irrelevant mercantilist and physiocratic views of economics towards a new practical application of economics for the birth of the industrial era. Its scope is vast, touching on concepts like free markets, supply and demand, division of labor, war, and public debt. Its fundamental message is that the wealth of a nation is measured not by the gold in the monarch's treasury, but by its national income, which in turn is produced by labor, land, and capital.

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Chapters

Introduction and Plan of the Work
4pages
Book I - I: Of the Division of Labour
11pages
Book I - II: Of the Principle Which Gives Occasion to the Division of Labour
5pages
Book I - III: That the Division of Labour Is Limited by the Extent of the Market
6pages
Book I - IV: Of the Origin and Use of Money
8pages
Book I - V: Of the Real and Nominal Price of Commodities, or of Their Price in Labour, and Their Price in Money
21pages
Book I - VI: Of the Component Parts of the Price of Commodities
9pages
Book I - VII: Of the Natural and Market Price of Commodities
11pages
Book I - VIII: Of the Wages of Labour
28pages
Book I - IX: Of the Profits of Stock
14pages
Book I - X: Of Wages and Profit in the Different Employments of Labour and Stock - I: Inequalities Arising from the Nature of the Employments Themselves
24pages
Book I - X: Of Wages and Profit in the Different Employments of Labour and Stock - II: Inequalities Occasioned by the Policy of Europe
33pages
Book I - XI: Of the Rent of Land - I: Of the Produce of Land Which Always Affords Rent
19pages
Book I - XI: Of the Rent of Land - II: Of the Produce of Land Which Sometimes Does, and Sometimes Does Not, Afford Rent
19pages
Book I - XI: Of the Rent of Land - III: Of the Variations in the Proportion Between the Respective Values of That Sort of Produce Which Always Affords Rent, and of That Which Sometimes Does and Sometimes Does Not Afford Rent - Digression Concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver During the Course of the Four Last Centuries - First Period
18pages
Book I - XI: Of the Rent of Land - III: Of the Variations in the Proportion Between the Respective Values of That Sort of Produce Which Always Affords Rent, and of That Which Sometimes Does and Sometimes Does Not Afford Rent - Digression Concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver During the Course of the Four Last Centuries - Second Period
2pages
Book I - XI: Of the Rent of Land - III: Of the Variations in the Proportion Between the Respective Values of That Sort of Produce Which Always Affords Rent, and of That Which Sometimes Does and Sometimes Does Not Afford Rent - Digression Concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver During the Course of the Four Last Centuries - Third Period
21pages
Book I - XI: Of the Rent of Land - III: Of the Variations in the Proportion Between the Respective Values of That Sort of Produce Which Always Affords Rent, and of That Which Sometimes Does and Sometimes Does Not Afford Rent - Digression Concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver During the Course of the Four Last Centuries - Variations in the Proportion Between the Respective Values of Gold and Silver
7pages
Book I - XI: Of the Rent of Land - III: Of the Variations in the Proportion Between the Respective Values of That Sort of Produce Which Always Affords Rent, and of That Which Sometimes Does and Sometimes Does Not Afford Rent - Digression Concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver During the Course of the Four Last Centuries - Grounds of the Suspicion That the Value of Silver Still Continues to Decrease
2pages
Book I - XI: Of the Rent of Land - III: Of the Variations in the Proportion Between the Respective Values of That Sort of Produce Which Always Affords Rent, and of That Which Sometimes Does and Sometimes Does Not Afford Rent - Digression Concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver During the Course of the Four Last Centuries - Different Effects of the Progress of Improvement Upon Three Different Sorts of Rude Produce - First Sort
3pages
Book I - XI: Of the Rent of Land - III: Of the Variations in the Proportion Between the Respective Values of That Sort of Produce Which Always Affords Rent, and of That Which Sometimes Does and Sometimes Does Not Afford Rent - Digression Concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver During the Course of the Four Last Centuries - Different Effects of the Progress of Improvement Upon Three Different Sorts of Rude Produce - Second Sort
13pages
Book I - XI: Of the Rent of Land - III: Of the Variations in the Proportion Between the Respective Values of That Sort of Produce Which Always Affords Rent, and of That Which Sometimes Does and Sometimes Does Not Afford Rent - Digression Concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver During the Course of the Four Last Centuries - Different Effects of the Progress of Improvement Upon Three Different Sorts of Rude Produce - Third Sort
12pages
Book I - XI: Of the Rent of Land - III: Of the Variations in the Proportion Between the Respective Values of That Sort of Produce Which Always Affords Rent, and of That Which Sometimes Does and Sometimes Does Not Afford Rent - Digression Concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver During the Course of the Four Last Centuries - Conclusion of the Digression Concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver
7pages
Book I - XI: Of the Rent of Land - III: Of the Variations in the Proportion Between the Respective Values of That Sort of Produce Which Always Affords Rent, and of That Which Sometimes Does and Sometimes Does Not Afford Rent - Effects of the Progress of Improvement Upon the Real Price of Manufactures
6pages
Book I - XI: Of the Rent of Land - Conclusion of the Chapter
8pages
Book II - Introduction
3pages
Book II - I: Of the Division of Stock
10pages
Book II - II: Of Money Considered as a Particular Branch of the General Stock of the Society, or of the Expense of Maintaining the National Capital
56pages
Book II - III: Of the Accumulation of Capital, or of Productive and Unproductive Labour
24pages
Book II - IV: Of Stock Lent at Interest
11pages
Book II - V: Of the Different Employment of Capitals
20pages
Book III - I: Of the Natural Progress of Opulence
6pages
Book III - II: Of the Discouragement of Agriculture in the Ancient State of Europe After the Fall of the Roman Empire
14pages
Book III - III: Of the Rise and Progress of Cities and Towns, After the Fall of the Roman Empire
13pages
Book III - IV: How the Commerce of the Towns Contributed to the Improvement of the Country
16pages
Book IV - Introduction
1page
Book IV - I: Of the Principle of the Commercial or Mercantile System
28pages
Book IV - II: Of Restraints Upon the Importation from Foreign Countries of Such Goods as Can Be Produced at Home
32pages
Book IV - III: Of the Extraordinary Restraints Upon the Importation of Goods of Almost All Kinds, from Those Countries with Which the Balance Is Supposed to Be Disadvantageous - I: Of the Unreasonableness of Those Restraints Even Upon the Principles of the Commercial System - Digression Concerning Banks of Deposit, Particularly Concerning That of Amsterdam
12pages
Book IV - III: Of the Extraordinary Restraints Upon the Importation of Goods of Almost All Kinds, from Those Countries with Which the Balance Is Supposed to Be Disadvantageous - II: Of the Unreasonableness of Those Extraordinary Restraints Upon Other Principles
13pages
Book IV - IV: Of Drawbacks
29pages
Book IV - V: Of Bounties - Digression Concerning the Corn Trade and Corn Laws
25pages
Book IV - VI: Of Treaties of Commerce
15pages
Book IV - VII: Of Colonies - I: Of the Motives for Establishing New Colonies
11pages
Book IV - VII: Of Colonies - II: Causes of the Prosperity of New Colonies
32pages
Book IV - VII: Of Colonies - III: Of the Advantages Which Europe Has Derived from the Discovery of America, and from That of a Passage to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope
65pages
Book IV - VIII: Conclusion of the Mercantile System
25pages
Book IV - IX: Of the Agricultural Systems, or of Those Systems of Political OEconomy, Which Represent the Produce of Land as Either the Sole or the Principal Source of the Revenue and Wealth of Every Country
33pages
Book V - I: Of the Expenses of the Sovereign or Commonwealth - I: Of the Expense of Defence
22pages
Book V - I: Of the Expenses of the Sovereign or Commonwealth - II: Of the Expense of Justice
17pages
Book V - I: Of the Expenses of the Sovereign or Commonwealth - III: Of the Expense of Public Works and Public Institutions - Article I: Of the Public Works and Institutions for Facilitating the Commerce of the Society - And, First, of Those Which Are Necessary for Facilitating Commerce in General
10pages
Book V - I: Of the Expenses of the Sovereign or Commonwealth - III: Of the Expense of Public Works and Public Institutions - Article I: Of the Public Works and Institutions for Facilitating the Commerce of the Society - Of the Public Works and Institutions Which Are Necessary for Facilitating Particular Branches of Commerce
34pages
Book V - I: Of the Expenses of the Sovereign or Commonwealth - III: Of the Expense of Public Works and Public Institutions - Article II: Of the Expense of the Institutions for the Education of Youth
33pages
Book V - I: Of the Expenses of the Sovereign or Commonwealth - III: Of the Expense of Public Works and Public Institutions - Article III: Of the Expense of the Institutions for the Instruction of People of All Ages
35pages
Book V - I: Of the Expenses of the Sovereign or Commonwealth - IV: Of the Expense of Supporting the Dignity of the Sovereign
1page
Book V - I: Of the Expenses of the Sovereign or Commonwealth - Conclusion
3pages
Book V - II: Of the Sources of the General or Public Revenue of the Society - I: Of the Funds or Sources of Revenue Which May Peculiarly Belong to the Sovereign or Commonwealth
13pages
Book V - II: Of the Sources of the General or Public Revenue of the Society - II: Of Taxes - Article I - Taxes Upon Rent; Taxes Upon the Rent of Land
11pages
Book V - II: Of the Sources of the General or Public Revenue of the Society - II: Of Taxes - Article I - Taxes Which Are Proportioned, Not to the Rent, but to the Produce of Land
5pages
Book V - II: Of the Sources of the General or Public Revenue of the Society - II: Of Taxes - Article I - Taxes Upon the Rent of Houses
10pages
Book V - II: Of the Sources of the General or Public Revenue of the Society - II: Of Taxes - Article II - Taxes Upon Profit, or Upon the Revenue Arising from Stock
7pages
Book V - II: Of the Sources of the General or Public Revenue of the Society - II: Of Taxes - Article II - Taxes Upon the Profit of Particular Employments
8pages
Book V - II: Of the Sources of the General or Public Revenue of the Society - II: Of Taxes - Appendix to Articles I and II - Taxes Upon the Capital Value of Land, Houses, and Stock
8pages
Book V - II: Of the Sources of the General or Public Revenue of the Society - II: Of Taxes - Article III: Taxes Upon the Wages of Labour
5pages
Book V - II: Of the Sources of the General or Public Revenue of the Society - II: Of Taxes - Article IV: Taxes Which, It Is Intended, Should Fall Indifferently Upon Every Different Species of Revenue - Capitation Taxes
3pages
Book V - II: Of the Sources of the General or Public Revenue of the Society - II: Of Taxes - Article IV: Taxes Which, It Is Intended, Should Fall Indifferently Upon Every Different Species of Revenue - Taxes Upon Consumable Commodities
48pages
Book V - III: Of Public Debts
53pages

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The Wealth of Nations

Chapters